By Marsigit
Yogyakarta State University
Hersh R. issues that Platonism is the most pervasive philosophy of mathematics; today's mathematical Platonisms descend in a clear line from the doctrine of Ideas in Plato .
Plato's philosophy of mathematics 1 came from the Pythagoreans, so mathematical "Platonism" ought to be "Pythago-Platonism."
Meanwhile, Wilder R.L. contends that Platonism 2 is the methodological position which goes with philosophical realism regarding the objects mathematics deals with.
However, Hersh R. argues that the standard version of Platonism perceives mathematical entities exist outside space and time, outside thought and matter, in an abstract realm independent of any consciousness, individual or social.
Mathematical objects 3 are treated not only as if their existence is independent of cognitive operations, which is perhaps evident, but also as if the facts concerning them did not involve a relation to the mind or depend in any way on the possibilities of verification, concrete or "in principle."
On the other hand, Nikulin D. (2004) represents that Platonists tend to perceive that mathematical objects are considered intermediate entities between physical things and neotic, merely thinkable, entities.
Accordingly, Platonists 4 discursive reason carries out its activity in a number of consecutively performed steps, because, unlike the intellect, it is not capable of representing an object of thought in its entirety and unique complexity and thus has to comprehend the object part by part in a certain order.
Other writer, Folkerts M. specifies that Platonists tend to believed that abstract reality is a reality; thus, they don't have the problem with truths because objects in the ideal part of mathematics have properties.
Instead the Platonists 5 have an epistemological problem viz. one can have no knowledge of objects in the ideal part of mathematics; they can't impinge on our senses in any causal way.
According to Nikulin D., Platonists distinguish carefully between arithmetic and geometry within mathematics itself; a reconstruction of Plotinus' theory of number, which embraces the late Plato's division of numbers into substantial and quantitative, shows that numbers are structured and conceived in opposition to geometrical entities.
In particular 6, numbers are constituted as a synthetic unity of indivisible, discrete units, whereas geometrical objects are continuous and do not consist of indivisible parts.
For Platonists 7 certain totalities of mathematical objects are well defined, in the sense that propositions defined by quantification over them have definite truth-values.
Wilder R.L.(1952) concludes that there is a direct connection between Platonism and the law of excluded middle, which gives rise to some of Platonism's differences with constructivism; and, there is also a connection between Platonism and set theory.
Various degrees of Platonism 8 can be described according to what totalities they admit and whether they treat these totalities as themselves mathematical objects.
The most elementary kind of Platonism 9 is that which accepts the totality of natural numbers i.e. that which applies the law of excluded middle to propositions involving quantification over all natural numbers.
Wilder R.L. sums up the following:
Platonism says mathematical objects are real and independent of our knowl¬edge; space-filling curves, uncountable infinite sets, infinite-dimensional manifolds-all the members of the mathematical zoo-are definite objects, with definite properties, known or unknown. These objects exist outside physical space and time; they were never created and never change. By logic's law of the excluded middle, a meaningful question about any of them has an answer, whether we know it or not. According to Platonism, mathematician is an empirical scientist, like a botanist.
Wilder R.L 10 asserts that Platonists tend to perceive that mathematicians can not invent mathematics, because everything is already there; he can only discover.
Our mathematical knowledge 11 is objective and unchanging because it's knowledge of objects external to us, independent of us, which are indeed changeless.
For Plato 12 the Ideals, including numbers, are visible or tangible in Heaven, which we had to leave in order to be born.
Yet most mathematicians and philosophers of mathematics continue to believe in an independent, immaterial abstract world-a remnant of Plato's Heaven, attenuated, purified, bleached, with all entities but the mathematical expelled.
Platonists explain mathematics by a separate universe of abstract objects, independent of the material universe.
But how do the abstract and material universes interact? How do flesh-and-blood mathematicians acquire the knowledge of number?
References:
Hersh, R., 1997, “What is Mathematics, Really?”, London: Jonathan Cape, p.9
2Wilder,R.L., 1952, “Introduction to the Foundation of Mathematics”, New York, p.202
3 Hersh, R., 1997, “What is Mathematics, Really?”, London: Jonathan Cape, pp.9
4 Nikulin, D., 2004, “Platonic Mathematics: Matter, Imagination and Geometry-Ontology, Natural Philosophy and Mathematics in Plotinus, Proclus and Descartes”, Retrieved 2004 < http://www. amazon.com/exec/ obidos/AZIN/075461574/wordtradecom>
5Folkerts, M., 2004, “Mathematics in the 17th and 18th centuries”, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Retrieved 2004
6Nikulin, D., 2004, “Platonic Mathematics: Matter, Imagination and Geometry-Ontology, Natural Philosophy and Mathematics in Plotinus, Proclus and Descartes”, Retrieved 2004
7Wilder, R.L., 1952, “Introduction to the Foundation of Mathematics”, New York, p.202
8 Ibid.p.2002
9 Ibid. p.2002
10 Ibid.p.202
11Ibid.p.202
12Hersh, R., 1997, “What is Mathematics, Really?”, London: Jonathan Cape, pp.12
Diana Prastiwi
ReplyDelete18709251004
S2 P. Mat A 2018
Filsafat matematika Plato yang pertama berasal dari Pytagoreans, sehingga matematika Platonisme menjadi Pythago-Platonism. Ditambahkan oleh Hers yang menyatakan bahwa standar Platonisme adalah matematika berada di luar ruang dan waktu diluar pikiran diluar kesadaran manusia. Selain itu, Platonist juga menjelaskan bahwa matematika diajarkan dengan memisahkan objek abstrak, independen dan materi alam semesta.Platonist 4 alasan diskursif melakukan aktivitasnya dalam sejumlah langkah yang dilakukan secara berurutan, karena, tidak seperti intelek, tidak mampu mewakili objek pemikiran secara keseluruhan dan kompleksitas unik dan karenanya harus memahami bagian objek secara parsial.sehingga dalam setiap langkat harus sitematis dan menguasai spesifik ilmu lebih diutamakan, karena tidak menggambarkan keadaan setiap peristiwa.
Luthfannisa Afif Nabila
ReplyDelete18709251031
S2 Pendidikan Matematika B 2018
Assalamu'alaikum Warohmatullohi Wabarokatuh
Hersh menyatakan bahwa Platonisme adalah filsafat matematika yang paling meluas. Wilder berpendapat bahwa Platonisme adalah posisi metodologis yang sejalan dengan realisme filosofis mengenai objek-objek yang berhubungan dengan matematika. Hersh berpendapat bahwa versi standar Platonisme memandang entitas matematika ada di luar ruang dan waktu, di luar pemikiran dan masalah. Nikulin menyatakan bahwa kaum Platonis cenderung menganggap bahwa benda-benda matematika dianggap sebagai entitas menengah antara benda-benda fisik dan entitas-entitas neotis yang hanya bisa dimaklumi. Folkerts menentukan bahwa kaum Platonis cenderung percaya bahwa realitas abstrak adalah kenyataan sehingga mereka tidak memiliki masalah dengan kebenaran karena objek di bagian ideal matematika memiliki sifat. Nikulin berpendapat bahwa para Platonis membedakan secara hati-hati antara aritmetika dan geometri dalam matematika itu sendiri. Wilder menyimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan langsung antara Platonisme dan hukum yang dikecualikan di tengah, yang melahirkan beberapa perbedaan Platonisme dengan konstruktivisme; dan, ada juga hubungan antara Platonisme dan teori yang ditetapkan.
Wassalamu'alaikum Warohmatullohi Wabarokatuh.
Fabri Hidayatullah
ReplyDelete18709251028
S2 Pendidikan Matematika B 2018
Hersh menyatakan bahwa platonisme ialah filsafat matematika yang paling mudah menyebar. Platonisme matematika mengikuti doktrin yang dinyatakan oleh plato. Filsafat matematika aliran platonisme datang dari pitagoras, sehingga platonimese disebut sebagai Pythago-Platonisme. Sementara itu, menurut Wilder, Platonisme merupakan posisi metodologis yang datang dari filsafat realisme yang memandang objek matematika berhubungan dengan kenyataan. Objek matematika tidak hanya jika keberadaanya bebas dari operasi kognitif, yang mungkin nyata, tetapi juga sebagai fakta-fakta yang tidak hanya melibatkan relasi di dalam pikiran atau tergantung dalam berbagai cara pada kemungkinan verifikasi apakah konkret atau dalam prinsip.
Amalia Nur Rachman
ReplyDelete18709251042
S2 Pendidikan Matematika B UNY 2018
Platonism tentang matematika merupakan pandangan metafisik tentang adanya benda abstrak matematika yang keberadaannya independen dari kita dan bahasa, pola pikir, dan praktik. Sama halnya elektron dan planet-planet keberadaannya independen dari kita, begitu juga angka dan himpunan. Pernyataan tentang angka dan himpunan tersebut dibuat benar atau salah oleh benda-benda terkait dan sifat benda-benda obyektif ini sempurna, Kebenaran matematika itu ditemukan, bukan diciptakan
Janu Arlinwibowo
ReplyDelete18701261012
PEP 2018
Metode menjadi salah satu aspek pokok dalam matematika. Matematika berkembang sebagai suatu metode dalam pemecahan masalah. Metode tersebut terus berkembang dan memunculkan berbagai metode perkembangan. Matematika sendiri juga dipandang sebagai metode, atau bisa juga dipandang sebagai himpunan metode yang dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan disipling ilmu lain.